Compound and organic light-emitting device including the same

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes a compound represented by Formula 1: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     When the compound represented by Formula 1 is used as electron-transporting material, an organic light-emitting device including this compound may show significantly improved efficiency, driving voltage, high luminance, and long lifespan characteristics.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2015-0164832, filed on Nov. 24, 2015, in the KoreanIntellectual Property Office, the entire content of which isincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

One or more aspects of example embodiments of the present disclosure arerelated to a compound and an organic light-emitting device including thesame.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices that have wideviewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and/orexcellent brightness, driving voltage, and/or response speedcharacteristics, and may produce full-color images.

An example organic light-emitting device may include a first electrodeon a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, anelectron transport region, and a second electrode sequentiallypositioned on the first electrode. Holes provided from the firstelectrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transportregion, and electrons provided from the second electrode may move towardthe emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers (suchas holes and electrons) may recombine in the emission layer to produceexcitons. These excitons may transition from an excited state to theground state to thereby generate light.

SUMMARY

One or more aspects of example embodiments of the present disclosure aredirected toward a compound that is suitable for use as an electroninjection material or as an electron transport material, and has hightransport capability and/or high material stability, and an organiclight-emitting device having high efficiency, low driving voltage, highluminance, and/or long lifespan characteristics due to inclusion of thecompound.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description whichfollows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may belearned by practice of the presented embodiments.

One or more example embodiments of the present disclosure provide acompound represented by Formula 1:

In Formula 1,

X and Y may each independently be selected from O, S, CR₁₁R₁₂, and NR₁₃,

R₁, R₁₁, R₁₂, and R₁₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

at least one selected from X, Y, and R₁ may include —P(Ph)₂=Z,

Z may be selected from O and S, and

at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, the substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group, and the substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group may be selected from the group consisting of:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ acycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—P(═O)Q₁Q₂ and —P(═S)Q₃Q₄,

wherein Q₁ to Q₄, Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, and Q₂₁ to Q₂₇ may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, anorganic light-emitting device includes a first electrode; a secondelectrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between thefirst electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including anemission layer, wherein the organic layer includes the compoundrepresented by Formula 1.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, adisplay apparatus includes an organic light-emitting device, wherein thefirst electrode of the organic light-emitting device is electricallyconnected to a source electrode or drain electrode of a thin filmtransistor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readilyappreciated from the following description of example embodiments, takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device accordingto another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device accordingto another embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device accordingto another embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in more detail to embodiments, examples ofwhich are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein likereference numerals refer to like elements throughout and duplicativedescriptions thereof may not be provided. In this regard, the presentembodiments may have different forms and should not be construed asbeing limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, theembodiments are merely described below, by referring to the drawings, toexplain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term“and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of theassociated listed items.

In the drawings, the thicknesses of layers, films, panels, regions,etc., may be exaggerated for clarity. It will be understood that when anelement such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to asbeing “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element orintervening element(s) may also be present. In contrast, when an elementis referred to as being “directly on” another element, no interveningelements are present.

A compound according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may berepresented by Formula 1:

In Formula 1,

X and Y may each independently be selected from O, S, CR₁₁R₁₂, and NR₁₃,

R₁, R₁₁, R₁₂, and R₁₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

at least one selected from X, Y, and R₁ may include —P(Ph)₂=Z,

Z may be selected from O and S,

at least one selected from the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, the substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group, and the substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group may be selected from the group consisting of:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂),—Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—P(═O)Q₁Q₂ and —P(═S)Q₃Q₄,

wherein Q₁ to Q₄, Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, and Q₂₁ to Q₂₇ may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

As used herein, the expression “at least one selected from X, Y, and R₁may include —P(Ph)₂=Z” may refer to that —P(Ph)₂=Z is connected to X, Y,and/or R₁ as a substituent.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 1 may beone selected from Formulae 2 to 4:

In Formulae 2 to 4,

R₁, R₂, and R₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

L₁, L₂, and L₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₂₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

a may be an integer selected from 0 to 2,

when the number of L₁(s), L₂(s), and L₃(s) is each two or more, aplurality of L₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other, aplurality of L₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other, anda plurality of L₃(s) may be identical to or different from each other,and

Z may be selected from O and S.

In one or more embodiments, R₁, R₂, and R₃ may each independently berepresented by one selected from Formulae 2a to 2c:

In Formulae 2a to 2c,

Z₁ may be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen group (e.g.,atom), a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group,—P(Ph)₂=O, —P(Ph)₂=S, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

when the number of Z_(1(s)) is two or more, a plurality of Z₁(s) may beidentical to or different from each other,

p may be an integer selected from 1 to 7, and

* may indicate a binding site.

In one or more embodiments, L₁, L₂, and L₃ may each independently berepresented by one selected from Formulae 3a and 3b:

In Formulae 3a and 3b, * may indicate a binding site.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 1 may beone selected from Formulae 5 to 10:

In Formulae 5 to 10,

R₁, R₂, R₂₁, and R₂₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

L₁ and L₂ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₂₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

a may be an integer selected from 0 to 2,

when the number of L₁(s) and L₂(s) is each two or more, a plurality ofL₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other and a pluralityof L₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and

Z may be selected from O and S.

In one or more embodiments, R₁, R₂, R₂₁, and R₂₂ may each independentlybe a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, or may eachindependently be represented by one selected from Formulae 2a to 2c:

In Formulae 2a to 2c,

Z₁ may be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen group (e.g.,atom), a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group,—P(Ph)₂=O, —P(Ph)₂=S, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

when the number of Z₁(s) is two or more, a plurality of Z₁(s) may beequal to or different from each other,

p may be an integer selected from 1 to 7, and

* may indicate a binding site.

In one or more embodiments, L₁ and L₂ may each independently berepresented by one selected from Formulae 3a and 3b:

In Formulae 3a and 3b, * may indicate a binding site.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 1 may beone selected from Compounds E-1 to E-34, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

[Description of FIG. 1]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The organiclight-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110, an organiclayer 150, and a second electrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of the organic light-emitting device 10according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and a method ofmanufacturing the organic light-emitting device 10 will be described inconnection with FIG. 1.

[First Electrode 110]

In FIG. 1, a substrate may be under the first electrode 110 and/or abovethe second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate or aplastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermalstability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and/orwater-resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing and/or sputtering amaterial for forming the first electrode 110 on the substrate. When thefirst electrode 110 is an anode, the material for the first electrodemay be selected from materials with a high work function to therebyfacilitate hole injection.

The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, asemi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the firstelectrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming afirst electrode may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zincoxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), and combinationsthereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is asemi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, a material forforming a first electrode may be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver(Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca),magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and combinationsthereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto. As used herein, the terms “combination”, “combination thereof”,and “combinations thereof” may refer to a chemical combination (e.g., analloy or chemical compound), a mixture, or a laminated structure ofcomponents.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, thefirst electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO,but embodiments of the structure of the first electrode 110 are notlimited thereto.

[Organic Layer 150]

The organic layer 150 is on the first electrode 110. The organic layer150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode 110 and the emission layer, and an electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode190.

[Hole Transport Region in Organic Layer 150]

The hole transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The hole transport region may include at least one layer selected from ahole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emissionauxiliary layer, and an electron blocking layer (EBL).

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layeredstructure including a single layer including a plurality of differentmaterials, or a multi-layered structure having a structure of holeinjection layer/hole transport layer, hole injection layer/holetransport layer/emission auxiliary layer, hole injection layer/emissionauxiliary layer, hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer or holeinjection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer, whereinlayers of each structure are sequentially stacked on the first electrode110 in each stated order, but embodiments of the structure of the holetransport region are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected fromm-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB(NPD), β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB,methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine(TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS),polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA),polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound representedby Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:

In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₄ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

L₂₀₅ may be selected from *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q₂₀₁)-*′, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3,and

xa5 may be an integer selected from 1 to 10,

wherein R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independently be selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, in Formula 202, R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may be optionally connected(e.g., coupled) via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or adiphenyl-methylene group. R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may be optionally connected(e.g., coupled) via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or adiphenyl-methylene group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from the groupconsisting of:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinylenegroup; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinylenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, acycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substitutedwith a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, apentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group,a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xa1 to xa4 may each independently beselected from 0, 1, and 2.

In one or more embodiments, xa5 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

In one or more embodiments, R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independentlybe selected from the group consisting of:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, anisoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group and a pyridinylgroup; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, anisoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same as describedabove.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 201, at least one selected fromR₂₀₁ to R₂₀₃ may be selected from the group consisting of:

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may beconnected (e.g., coupled) via a single bond, and/or ii) R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄may be connected (e.g., coupled) via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, at least one selected fromR₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ may be selected from the group consisting of:

a carbazolyl group; and

a carbazolyl group substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, acarbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula201A:

For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be representedby Formula 201A(1), but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto:

For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be representedby Formula 201A-1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto:

The compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula202A:

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 maybe represented by Formula 202A-1:

In Formulae 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ may each independentlybe the same as described above,

R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may each independently be the same as described above inconnection with R₂₀₃, and

R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected fromCompounds HT1 to HT39, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto:

The thickness of the hole transport region may be about 100 Å to about10,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. Whenthe hole transport region includes at least one selected from a holeinjection layer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the holeinjection layer may be about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, and in someembodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å; the thickness of the holetransport layer may be about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, and in someembodiments, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of thehole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transportlayer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transportingcharacteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase indriving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may increase light-emission efficiency bycompensating for an optical resonance distance according to thewavelength of light emitted by an emission layer (e.g., adjusting theoptical resonance distance to match the wavelength of light emitted fromthe emission layer), and the electron blocking layer may block or reducethe flow of electrons from the electron transport region. The emissionauxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer may each include thesame materials as described above.

[p-dopant]

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to thesematerials, a charge-generation material for the improvement ofconductive properties. The charge-generation material may behomogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transportregion.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinonederivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from aquinone derivative (such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and/or2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ)); a metaloxide (such as a tungsten oxide and/or a molybdenum oxide);1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and acompound represented by Formula 221, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formula 221,

R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, provided that at leastone selected from R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ includes at least one substituentselected from a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupsubstituted with at least one selected from —F, —Cl, —Br, and —I.

[Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150]

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organiclight-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a redemission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer,according to a sub pixel. In one or more embodiments, the emission layermay have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from a redemission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, inwhich the two or more layers may contact each other or may be separatedfrom each other. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer mayinclude two or more materials selected from a red-light emissionmaterial, a green-light emission material, and a blue-light emissionmaterial, in which the two or more materials may be mixed with eachother in a single layer to thereby emit white light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may be atleast one selected from a phosphorescent dopant and a fluorescentdopant.

The amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be, in general, about0.01 to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of thehost, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The thickness of the emission layer may be about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å,and in some embodiments, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thicknessof the emission layer is within these ranges, excellent light-emissioncharacteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase indriving voltage.

[Host in Emission Layer]

In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound representedby Formula 301:[Ar₃₀₁]_(xb11)-[(L₃₀₁)_(xb1)-R₃₀₁]_(xb21).  Formula 301

In Formula 301,

Ar₃₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclicgroup,

xb11 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3,

L₃₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xb1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

R₃₀₁ may be selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃), —N(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂),—B(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), and

xb21 may be an integer selected from 1 to 5,

wherein Q₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 301,

Ar₃₀₁ may be selected from the group consisting of:

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacenegroup, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, anindenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophenegroup; and

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacenegroup, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, anindenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formula 301, when xb11 is two or more, two or more Ar₃₀₁(s) may beconnected (e.g., coupled) via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 301 maybe represented by one selected from Formula 301-1 and 301-2:

In Formulae 301-1 and 301-2,

A₃₀₁ to A₃₀₄ may each independently be selected from a benzene, anaphthalene, a phenanthrene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, achrysene, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, an indene, a fluorene, aspiro-bifluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, an indole, acarbazole, a benzocarbazole, a dibenzocarbazole, a furan, a benzofuran,a dibenzofuran, a naphthofuran, a benzonaphthofuran, a dinaphthofuran, athiophene, a benzothiophene, a dibenzothiophene, a naphthothiophene, abenzonaphthothiophene, and a dinaphthothiophene,

X₃₀₁ may be selected from O, S, and N-[(L₃₀₄)_(xb4)-R₃₀₄],

R₃₁₁ to R₃₁₄ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

xb22 and xb23 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, and 2,

L₃₀₁, xb1, R₃₀₁, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same asdescribed above,

L₃₀₂ to L₃₀₄ may each independently be the same as described above inconnection with L₃₀₁,

xb2 to xb4 may each independently be the same as described above inconnection with xb1, and

R₃₀₂ to R₃₀₄ may each independently be the same as described above inconnection with R₃₀₁.

For example, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2,

L₃₀₁ to L₃₀₄ may each independently be selected from the groupconsisting of:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylgroup, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylenegroup, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylenegroup, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylgroup, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylenegroup, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylenegroup, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an oxadiazolylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same as describedabove.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2,

R₃₀₁ to R₃₀₄ may each independently be selected from the groupconsisting of:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same as describedabove.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include an alkaline earth metalcomplex. For example, the host may be selected from a Be complex (forexample, Compound H55), a Mg complex, and a Zn complex.

The host may include at least one selected from9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN),2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN),9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN),4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene(mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and Compounds H1 to H55,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[Phosphorescent Dopant in Emission Layer of Organic Layer 150]

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complexrepresented by Formula 401:

In Formulae 401 and 402,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd),osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu),terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm),

L₄₀₁ may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 402,

xc1 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3,

when xc1 is two or more, two or more L₄₀₁(s) may be equal to ordifferent from each other,

L₄₀₂ may be an organic ligand,

xc2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4,

when xc2 is two or more, two or more L₄₀₂(s) may be equal to ordifferent from each other,

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may each independently be selected from nitrogen (N) andcarbon (C),

X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₃ may be connected (e.g., coupled) via a single bond or adouble bond,

X₄₀₂ and X₄₀₄ may be connected (e.g., coupled) via a single bond or adouble bond,

rings A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may each independently be selected from a C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

X₄₀₅ may be selected from a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′,*—N(Q₄₁₁)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)=C(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)=*′,and *═C(Q₄₁₁)=′,

Q₄₁₁ and Q₄₁₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group,a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group,

X₄₀₆ may be selected from a single bond, O, and S,

R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃), —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),—B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),

Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₂₀heteroaryl group,

xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to10, and

in Formula 402, * and *′ may indicate binding sites to M in Formula 401.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may eachindependently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, afluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrolegroup, a thiophene group, a furan group, an imidazole group, a pyrazolegroup, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, anisoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group,a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, abenzoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, acarbazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzofuran group, abenzothiophene group, an isobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group,an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, anoxadiazole group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran group, and adibenzothiophene group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, i) X₄₀₁ may be nitrogen, andX₄₀₂ may be carbon, or ii) both X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₂ may be nitrogen.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402,

R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ may each independently be selected from the groupconsisting of:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyclopentyl group,a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornanyl group, and anorbornenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group a phenyl group, a biphenyl group,a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornanylgroup, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and adibenzothiophenyl group; and

—Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃), —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q)(Q₄₀₂),

wherein Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group,and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 401, when xc1 is two or more, twoA₄₀₁ rings within two or more L₄₀₁ ligands may be optionally connected(e.g., coupled) through a linking group X₄₀₇, or two A₄₀₂ rings may beoptionally connected (e.g., coupled) through a linking group X₄₀₈ (as inCompounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7). X₄₀₇ and X₄₀₈ may each independently beselected from a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₃)-*,*—C(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)-*′, and *—C(Q₄₁₃)=C(Q₄₁₄)-*′ (wherein Q₄₁₃ and Q₄₁₄ mayeach independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group), but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formula 401, L₄₀₂ may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organicligand. For example, L₄₀₂ may be selected from a halogen atom, adiketone (for example, an acetylacetonate), a carboxylic acid (forexample, a picolinate), —C(═O), an isonitrile, —CN, and a phosphorusligand (for example, a phosphine and/or a phosphite), but embodiments ofthe present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may be selectedfrom, for example, Compounds PD1 to PD25, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

[Fluorescent Dopant in Emission Layer]

The fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula501:

In Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclicgroup,

L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xd1 to xd3 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,and

xd4 may be an integer selected from 1 to 6.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁ may be selected from the group consisting of:

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrenegroup; and

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 501,

L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may each independently be selected from the groupconsisting of:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylgroup, and a pyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylgroup, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 501,

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from the groupconsisting of:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 501, xd4 may be two, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the fluorescent dopant may be or include at least oneselected from Compounds FD1 to FD22:

In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be or include atleast one selected from the compounds illustrated below, but embodimentsof the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[Electron Transport Region in Organic Layer 150]

The electron transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from abuffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, anelectron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have a structure ofelectron transport layer/electron injection layer, a structure of holeblocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, astructure of electron control layer/electron transport layer/electroninjection layer, or a structure of buffer layer/electron transportlayer/electron injection layer, wherein layers of each structure aresequentially stacked on an emission layer in each stated order. However,embodiments of the structure of the electron transport layer are notlimited thereto.

The electron transport region (for example, a buffer layer, a holeblocking layer, an electron control layer, and/or an electron transportlayer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-freecompound containing at least one 7 electron-depleted nitrogen-containingring.

The term “7 electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” as used hereinmay indicate a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group having at least one *—N═*′moiety as a ring-forming moiety.

For example, the “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” may bei) a 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one*—N═*′ moiety, ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at leastone *—N═*′ moiety are condensed (e.g., fused) with each other, or iii) aheteropolycyclic group in which at least one 5-membered to 7-memberedhetero monocyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety is condensedwith at least one C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group.

Non-limiting examples of the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containingring may include an imidazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, an isothiazole,an oxazole, an isoxazole, a pyridine, a pyrazine, a pyrimidine, apyridazine, an indazole, a purine, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, abenzoquinoline, a phthalazine, a naphthyridine, a quinoxaline, aquinazoline, a cinnoline, a phenanthridine, an acridine, aphenanthroline, a phenazine, a benzimidazole, an isobenzothiazole, abenzoxazole, an isobenzoxazole, a triazole, a tetrazole, an oxadiazole,a triazine, thiadiazole, an imidazopyridine, an imidazopyrimidine, andan azacarbazole, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto.

The electron transport region may include the compound represented byFormula 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In oneor more embodiments, the electron transport layer may include thecompound represented by Formula 1 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

The electron transport region and the electron transport layer mayfurther include other compounds, in addition to the compound representedby Formula 1. For example, the electron transport region may include acompound represented by Formula 601:[Ar₆₀₁]_(xe11)-[(L₆₀₁)_(xe1)-R₆₀₁]_(xe21).  Formula 601

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclicgroup,

xe11 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3,

L₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xe1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

R₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂)(Q₆₀₃), —C(═O)(Q₆₀₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

Q₆₀₁ to Q₆₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, and

xe21 may be an integer selected from 1 to 5.

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the xe11 (e.g., 1to 3) Ar₆₀₁(s) and the xe21 (e.g., 1 to 5) R₆₀₁(s) may include the πelectron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring as described above.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 601,

ring Ar₆₀₁ may be selected from the group consisting of:

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, apyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazolegroup, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group,a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, aphthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, aquinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, anacridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, abenzimidazole group, an iso-benzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, anisobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazolegroup, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group,an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group aphenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, apyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazolegroup, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group,a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, aphthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, aquinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, anacridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, abenzimidazole group, an iso-benzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, anisobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazolegroup, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group,an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group,—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In Formula 601, when xe11 is two or more, two or more Ar₆₀₁(s) may beconnected (e.g., coupled) via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 601, Ar₆₀₁ may be an anthracenegroup.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 maybe represented by Formula 601-1:

In Formula 601-1,

X₆₁₄ may be selected from N and C(R₆₁₄),

X₆₁₅ may be selected from N and C(R₆₁₅),

X₆₁₆ may be selected from N and C(R₆₁₆),

at least one selected from X₆₁₄ to X₆₁₆ may be N,

L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ may each independently be the same as described above inconnection with L₆₀₁,

xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as described above inconnection with xe1,

R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃ may each independently be the same as described above inconnection with R₆₀₁, and

R₆₁₄ to R₆₁₆ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1,

L₆₀₁ and L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ may each independently be selected from the groupconsisting of:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylgroup, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylenegroup, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylenegroup, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylgroup, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylenegroup, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylenegroup, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, and an azacarbazolyl group, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, xe1 and xe611 toxe613 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, and 2.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1,

R₆₀₁ and R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃ may each independently be selected from the groupconsisting of:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁) and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

wherein Q₆₀₁ and Q₆₀₂ may each independently be the same as describedabove.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected fromCompounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto:

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include atleast one compound selected from2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP),4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq₃, Balq,(3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole(TAZ), and NTAZ.

The thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and theelectron control layer may each be about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, and insome embodiments, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of thebuffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layerare each within these ranges, the electron blocking layer may haveexcellent electron blocking characteristics and/or electron controlcharacteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The thickness of the electron transport layer may be about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. Whenthe thickness of the electron transport layer is within these ranges,the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron transportcharacteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region (for example, the electron transport layerin the electron transport region) may further include, in addition tothe materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include at least one selected from analkali metal complex and an alkaline earth metal complex. The alkalimetal complex may include a metal ion selected from an Li ion, a Na ion,a K ion, a Rb ion, and a Cs ion, and the alkaline earth metal complexmay include a metal ion selected from a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Srion, and a Ba ion. The ligands coordinated with the metal ion of thealkali metal complex or the alkaline earth metal complex may eachindependently be selected from a hydroxyquinoline, ahydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, ahydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl oxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl thiadiazole, ahydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. TheLi complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate,LiQ) and/or ET-D2.

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layerthat may facilitate injection of electrons from the second electrode190. The electron injection layer may directly contact the secondelectrode 190.

The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron injection layer may include a reducing dopant.

The reducing dopant may include at least one selected from an alkalimetal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metalcompound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound,an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, and a rareearth metal complex.

The alkali metal may be selected from Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In one or moreembodiments, the alkali metal may be selected from K, Rb, and Cs. In oneor more embodiments, the alkali metal may be selected from Rb and Cs,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal may be selected from, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

The rare earth metal may be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Yb, Gd, and Tb.

The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and therare earth metal compound may each independently be selected from oxidesand halides (for example, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and/oriodines) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and rare earthmetal.

The alkali metal compound may be selected from alkali metal oxides (suchas Li₂O, Cs₂O, and/or K₂O) and alkali metal halides (such as LiF, NaF,CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and Kl). In one or more embodiments, the alkalimetal compound may be selected from LiF, Li₂O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, andKl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal compound may be selected from alkaline earthmetal compounds (such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba_(x)Sr_(1-x)O (0<x<1), and/orBa_(x)Ca_(1-x)O (0<x<1)). In one or more embodiments, the alkaline earthmetal compound may be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, but embodimentsof the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The rare-earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, ScO₃,Y₂O₃, Ce₂O₃, GdF₃, and TbF₃. In one or more embodiments, the rare-earthmetal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, TbF₃, YbI₃, ScI₃, andTbI₃, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rareearth metal complex may each include a metal ion selected from an alkalimetal, an alkaline earth metal, and a rare earth metal, as describedabove. The ligands coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metalcomplex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metalcomplex may each independently be selected from a hydroxyquinoline, ahydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, ahydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl oxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl thiadiazole, ahydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The electron injection layer may include only the reducing dopant asdescribed above. In one or more embodiments, the electron injectionlayer may further include, in addition to the reducing dopant, anorganic material. When the electron injection layer includes thereducing dopant and an organic material, the reducing dopant may behomogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including theorganic material.

The thickness of the electron injection layer may be about 1 Å to about100 Å, and in some embodiments, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When thethickness of the electron injection layer is within these ranges, theelectron injection layer may have satisfactory electron injectioncharacteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[Second Electrode 190]

The second electrode 190 may be on the organic layer 150. The secondelectrode 190 may be a cathode, which is an electron injectionelectrode, and in this regard, a material for the second electrode 190may be selected from a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductivecompound, and mixtures thereof, each having a relatively low workfunction.

The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from lithium(Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium(Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Thesecond electrode 190 may be a transmissive electrode, asemi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The second electrode 190 may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the organiclight-emitting device may be suitably included in one or more types orkinds of display apparatuses, for example, a passive matrix organiclight-emitting display apparatus and an active matrix organiclight-emitting display apparatus. For example, when the organiclight-emitting device is included in an active matrix organiclight-emitting display apparatus, a first electrode on a substrate maybe a pixel electrode, and the first electrode may be electricallyconnected to a source electrode or drain electrode of a thin filmtransistor 200. In some embodiments, the organic light-emitting devicemay be included in a display apparatus that may display images on bothsides.

[Description of FIGS. 2 to 4]

An organic light-emitting device 20 according to FIG. 2 may include afirst capping layer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150,and a second electrode 190 sequentially stacked in this stated order. Anorganic light-emitting device 30 according to FIG. 3 may include a firstelectrode 110, an organic layer 150, a second electrode 190, and asecond capping layer 220 sequentially stacked in this stated order. Anorganic light-emitting device 40 according to FIG. 4 may include a firstcapping layer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, a secondelectrode 190, and a second capping layer 220 sequentially stacked inthis stated order.

In FIGS. 2 to 4, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, and thesecond electrode 190 may each be understood by referring to thedescriptions presented in connection with FIG. 1.

In the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light-emitting devices20 and 40, light generated in an emission layer may pass through thefirst electrode 110 (which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or atransmissive electrode) and the first capping layer 210 toward theoutside. In the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light-emittingdevices 30 and 40, light generated in an emission layer may pass throughthe second electrode 190 (which is a semi-transmissive electrode or atransmissive electrode) and the second capping layer 220 toward theoutside.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 mayincrease the external luminescent efficiency of the device, according tothe principle of constructive interference.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may eachindependently be a capping layer including an organic material, aninorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or a compositecapping layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.

At least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the secondcapping layer 220 may independently include at least one materialselected from carbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, amine-basedcompounds, porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives,naphthalocyanine derivatives, alkali metal complexes, and alkaline earthmetal complexes. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound,and the amine-based compound may each optionally be substituted with asubstituent containing at least one element selected from oxygen (O),nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), fluorine (F),chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I). In one or more embodiments,at least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the secondcapping layer 220 may independently include an amine-based compound.

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first cappinglayer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may independently include thecompound represented by Formula 201 or the compound represented byFormula 202.

In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first cappinglayer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may independently include acompound selected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and Compounds CP1 to CP5,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device according to anembodiment of the present disclosure has been described in connectionwith FIGS. 1 to 4. However, embodiments of the present disclosure arenot limited thereto.

The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer,and the layers constituting the electron transport region may be formedin specific regions using one or more methods selected from vacuumdeposition, spin coating, casting, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method,ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emissionlayer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region areformed by vacuum deposition, for example, the vacuum deposition may beperformed at a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C.,at a vacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸ to about 10⁻³ torr, and at a depositionrate of about 0.01 to about 100 Å/sec depending on the compound to beincluded in each layer, and the intended structure of each layer.

When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emissionlayer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region areformed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a coatingspeed of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and at a heat treatmenttemperature of about 80° C. to 200° C., depending on the compound to beincluded in each layer, and the intended structure of each layer.

[General Definitions of Substituents]

Hereinafter, definitions of substituents of compounds used herein willbe presented. The number of carbon atoms used to restrict a substituentis not limited, and does not limit the properties of the substituent.Unless defined otherwise, the definition of the substituent isconsistent with the general definition thereof.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear orbranched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbonatoms, and non-limiting examples thereof may include a methyl group, anethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, atert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group.The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalentgroup having substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbongroup having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the body (e.g.,middle) or at the terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and non-limitingexamples thereof may include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and abutenyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group” as used herein refersto a divalent group having substantially the same structure as theC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbongroup having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the body (e.g.,middle) or at the terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and non-limitingexamples thereof may include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. Theterm “C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent grouphaving substantially the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalentgroup represented by —O-A₁₀₁ (wherein A₁₀₁ is a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group), andnon-limiting examples thereof may include a methoxy group, an ethoxygroup, and an isopropyloxy group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalenthydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, andnon-limiting examples thereof may include a cyclopropyl group, acyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and acycloheptyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group” as used hereinrefers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure asthe C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected fromN, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom in addition to 1 to 10 carbonatoms, and non-limiting examples thereof may include a1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and atetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group”as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the samestructure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at leastone double bond in the ring thereof and does not have aromaticity (e.g.,is non-aromatic), and non-limiting examples thereof may include acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group.The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to adivalent group having substantially the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to amonovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms,and at least one double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of theC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group may include a4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-hydrofuranyl group, and a2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group”as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the samestructure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent grouphaving a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, andthe term “C₆-C₆₀ arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group may include a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, apyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and theC₆-C₆₀ arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may befused (e.g., condensed) to each other.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least oneheteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group” as usedherein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic systemthat has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as aring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples ofthe C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group may include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup and the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each include two or more rings,the rings may be fused (e.g., condensed) to each other.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group” as used herein indicates —O-A₁₀₂(wherein A₁₀₂ is a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and the term “C₆-C₆₀ arylthiogroup” as used herein indicates —S-A₁₀₃ (wherein A₁₀₃ is a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as usedherein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbonatoms) that has two or more rings condensed with each other, only carbonatoms as a ring-forming atom, and non-aromaticity in the entiremolecular structure. A non-limiting example of the monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group may be a fluorenyl group. Theterm “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used hereinrefers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure asthe monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” asused herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings sued(e.g., condensed) to each other, has at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S in addition to carbon atoms (for example, 1 to60 carbon atoms) as ring-forming atoms, and has non-aromaticity in theentire molecular structure. A non-limiting example of the monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be a carbazolyl group.The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” asused herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the samestructure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclicgroup.

The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to amonocyclic or polycyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, in which allthe ring-forming atoms are carbon. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group may bean aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. TheC₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group may be a ring (such as benzene), a monovalentgroup (such as a phenyl group), or a divalent group (such as a phenylenegroup). In one or more embodiments, depending on the number ofsubstituents connected to the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group may be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a grouphaving substantially the same structure as the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,except that as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S is used in addition to the carbon atoms (thenumber of carbon atoms may be 1 to 60).

At least one substituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selectedfrom the group consisting of:

deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, anda C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C—C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

The term “Ph” as used herein refers to a phenyl group, the term “Me” asused herein refers to a methyl group, the term “Et” as used hereinrefers to an ethyl group, the term “ter-Bu” or “Bu^(t)” as used hereinrefers to a tert-butyl group, and the term “OMe” as used herein refersto a methoxy group.

The term “biphenyl group” as used herein refers to “a phenyl groupsubstituted with a phenyl group”. In other words, a biphenyl group is “asubstituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group as a substituent”.

The “terphenyl group” as used herein refers to “a phenyl groupsubstituted with a biphenyl group”. In other words, a terphenyl group is“a substituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted witha C₆-C₆₀ aryl group as a substituent.”

The symbols * and *′ as used herein, unless defined otherwise, denote abinding site to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula.

Hereinafter, a compound represented by Formula 1 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure and an organic light-emittingdevice according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will bedescribed in more detail with reference to Synthesis Examples andExamples. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describingSynthesis Examples refers to that an identical number of molarequivalents (e.g., amount) of B was used in place of A.

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLES

Compounds were synthesized according to schemes below.

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound E-1

Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.02 equivalent (eq)), Na₂CO₃ (1.2 eq), and a mixture oftoluene, distilled water, and ethanol (5:3:2 (v/v) based on 0.1 Mreagent (1 eq)) were added to a flask containing Int-3 (1 eq) and3-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenylboronic acid (1.2 eq). The mixed solutionwas stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reaction solution was cooledto room temperature, and extraction was performed using methylenechloride (MC), followed by washing using distilled water. The resultingsolution was dried using MgSO₄, filtered, and the residue obtained bydistillation under reduced pressure was separated by columnchromatography, thereby completing the preparation of Compound E-1(yield: 82%).

High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for C₄₉H₃₅N₂OP [M]⁺: calc:698.81, found: 697.

Elemental analysis for C₄₉H₃₅N₂OP calc: C, 84.22; H, 5.05; N, 4.01; 0,2.29; P, 4.43

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound E-4

Pd(dba)₃ (0.03 eq), (t-Bu)₃P (0.06 eq), and toluene (based on 0.1 Mreagent (1 eq)) were added to a flask containing Int-2 (1 eq) and(4-bromophenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (1.2 eq). The mixed solution wasstirred under reflux for 3 hours. The reaction solution was cooled toroom temperature, and extraction was performed using MC, followed bywashing using distilled water. The resulting solution was dried usingMgSO₄, filtered, and the residue obtained by distillation under reducedpressure was separated by column chromatography, thereby completing thepreparation of Compound E-4 (yield: 76.1%).

HRMS for C₄₃H₃₁N₂OP [M]⁺: calc: 622.71, found: 621.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₃H₃₁N₂OP calc: C, 82.94; H, 5.02; N, 4.50; O,2.57; P, 4.97

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound E-17

Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.02 eq), Na₂CO₃ (1.2 eq), and a mixture of toluene,distilled water, and ethanol (5:3:2 (v/v) based on 0.1 M reagent (1 eq))were added to a flask containing Int-6 (1 eq) and3-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenylboronic acid (1.2 eq). The mixed solutionwas stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reaction solution was cooledto room temperature, and extraction was performed using MC, followed bywashing using distilled water. The resulting solution was dried usingMgSO₄, filtered, and the residue obtained by distillation under reducedpressure was separated by column chromatography, thereby completing thepreparation of Compound E-17 (yield: 81.6%).

HRMS for C₄₃H₃₀NOPS [M]⁺: calc: 639.75, found: 638.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₃H₃₀NOPS calc: C, 80.73; H, 4.73; N, 2.19; O,2.50; P, 4.84; S, 5.01

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound E-19

Pd(dba)₃ (0.03 eq), (t-Bu)₃P (0.06 eq), and toluene (based on 0.1 Mreagent (1 eq)) were added to a flask containing Int-5 (1 eq) and(4-bromophenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (1.2 eq). The mixed solution wasstirred under reflux for 3 hours. The reaction solution was cooled toroom temperature, and extraction was performed using MC, followed bywashing using distilled water. The resulting solution was dried usingMgSO₄, filtered, and the residue obtained by distillation under reducedpressure was separated by column chromatography, thereby completing thepreparation of Compound E-19 (yield: 73.1%).

HRMS for C₃₇H₂₆NOPS [M]⁺: calc: 563.65, found: 562.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₇H₂₆NOPS calc: C, 78.84; H, 4.65; N, 2.49; O,2.84; P, 5.50; S, 5.69

Synthesis Example 5: Synthesis of Compound E-20

Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.02 eq), Na₂CO₃ (1.2 eq), and a mixture of toluene,distilled water, and ethanol (5:3:2 (v/v) based on 0.1 M reagent (1 eq))were added to a flask containing Int-6 (1 eq) and3-(diphenylthiophosphoryl)phenylboronic acid (1.2 eq). The mixedsolution was stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reaction solutionwas cooled to room temperature, and extraction was performed using MC,followed by washing using distilled water. The resulting solution wasdried using MgSO₄, filtered, and the residue obtained by distillationunder reduced pressure was separated by column chromatography, therebycompleting the preparation of Compound E-20 (yield: 83%).

HRMS for C₄₃H₃₀NPS₂ [M]⁺: calc: 655.81, found: 654.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₃H₃₀NPS₂ calc: C, 78.75; H, 4.61; N, 2.14; P,4.72; S, 9.78

Synthesis Example 6: Synthesis of Compound E-23

Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.02 eq), Na₂CO₃ (1.2 eq), and a mixture of toluene,distilled water, and ethanol (5:3:2 (v/v) based on 0.1 M reagent (1 eq))were added to a flask containing Int-9 (1 eq) and3-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenylboronic acid (1.2 eq). The mixed solutionwas stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reaction solution was cooledto room temperature, and extraction was performed using MC, followed bywashing using distilled water. The resulting solution was dried usingMgSO₄, filtered, and the residue obtained by distillation under reducedpressure was separated by column chromatography, thereby completing thepreparation of Compound E-23 (yield: 79.7%).

HRMS for C₄₃H₃₀NO₂P [M]⁺: calc: 623.69, found: 622.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₃H₃₀NO₂P calc: C, 82.81; H, 4.85; N, 2.25; O,5.13; P, 4.97

Synthesis Example 7: Synthesis of Compound E-25

Pd(dba)₃ (0.03 eq), (t-Bu)₃P (0.06 eq), and toluene (based on 0.1 Mreagent (1 eq)) were added to a flask containing Int-8 (1 eq) and(4-bromophenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (1.2 eq). The mixed solution wasstirred under reflux for 3 hours. The reaction solution was cooled toroom temperature, and extraction was performed using MC, followed bywashing using distilled water. The resulting solution was dried usingMgSO₄, filtered, and the residue obtained by distillation under reducedpressure was separated by column chromatography, thereby completing thepreparation of Compound E-25 (yield: 70.9%).

HRMS for C₃₇H₂₆NO₂P [M]⁺: calc: 547.59, found: 546.

Elemental Analysis for C₃₇H₂₆NO₂P calc: C, 81.16; H, 4.79; N, 2.56; O,5.84; P, 5.66

Synthesis Example 8: Synthesis of Compound E-26

Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.02 eq), Na₂CO₃ (1.2 eq), and a mixture of toluene,distilled water, and ethanol (5:3:2 (v/v) based on 0.1 M reagent (1 eq))were added to a flask containing Int-9 (1 eq) and3-(diphenylthiophosphoryl)phenylboronic acid (1.2 eq). The mixedsolution was stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reaction solutionwas cooled to room temperature, and extraction was performed using MC,followed by washing using distilled water. The resulting solution wasdried using MgSO₄, filtered, and the residue obtained by distillationunder reduced pressure was separated by column chromatography, therebycompleting the preparation of Compound E-26 (yield: 79.8%).

HRMS for C₄₃H₃₀NOPS [M]⁺: calc: 639.75, found: 638.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₃H₃₀NOPS calc: C, 80.73; H, 4.73; N, 2.19; O,2.50; P, 4.84; S, 5.01

Synthesis Example 9: Synthesis of Compound E-32

Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.02 eq), Na₂CO₃ (1.2 eq), and a mixture of toluene,distilled water, and ethanol (5:3:2 (v/v) based on 0.1 M reagent (1 eq))were added to a flask containing Int-12 (1 eq) and3-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenylboronic acid (1.2 eq). The mixed solutionwas stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reaction solution was cooledto room temperature, and extraction was performed using MC, followed bywashing using distilled water. The resulting solution was dried usingMgSO₄, filtered, and the residue obtained by distillation under reducedpressure was separated by column chromatography, thereby completing thepreparation of Compound E-32 (yield: 80.4%).

HRMS for C₄₆H₃₆NOP [M]⁺: calc: 649.77, found: 648.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₆H₃₆NOP calc: C, 85.03; H, 5.58; N, 2.16; O,2.46; P, 4.77

Synthesis Example 10: Synthesis of Compound E-34

Pd(dba)₃ (0.03 eq), (t-Bu)₃P (0.06 eq), and toluene (based on 0.1 Mreagent (1 eq)) were added to a flask containing Int-11 (1 eq) and(4-bromophenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (1.2 eq). The mixed solution wasstirred under reflux for 3 hours. The reaction solution was cooled toroom temperature, and an extraction was performed using MC, followed bywashing using distilled water. The resulting solution was dried usingMgSO₄, filtered, and the residue obtained by distillation under reducedpressure was separated by column chromatography, thereby completing thepreparation of Compound E-34 (yield: 73.6%).

HRMS for C₄₀H₃₂NOP [M]⁺: calc: 573.68, found: 572.

Elemental Analysis for C₄₀H₃₂NOP calc: C, 83.75; H, 5.62; N, 2.44; O,2.79; P, 5.40

Example 1

An anode was prepared by cutting an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glasssubstrate (manufactured by Corning company) with an ITO thickness of 15Ω/cm² (500 Å) to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.5 mm, ultrasonically cleaningthe ITO glass substrate using isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 10minutes each, exposing to UV irradiation for 10 minutes, and cleaningwith ozone. Then, the ITO glass substrate was loaded into a vacuumdeposition apparatus.

2-TNATA was vacuum deposited on the ITO glass substrate to form a holeinjection layer having a thickness of 600 Å, and Compound NPB (which isa hole-transporting compound) was vacuum deposited on the hole injectionlayer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å.

[bis-(1-phenylisoquinolyl) iridium(III)acetylacetonate] (Ir(ppy)₃)(which is a green fluorescent dopant) and CBP were co-deposited on thehole transport layer at a weight ratio of 15:85 to form an emissionlayer having a thickness of 300 Å.

Subsequently, Compound E-1 was deposited on the emission layer to forman electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and Al wasvacuum deposited on the electron transport layer to form an Al electrode(e.g., a negative electrode) having a thickness of 1,200 Å, therebycompleting the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that Compound E-4 was used insteadof Compound E-1 in forming the electron transport layer.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that Compound E-17 was used insteadof Compound E-1 in forming the electron transport layer.

Example 4

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that Compound E-19 was used insteadof Compound E-1 in forming the electron transport layer.

Example 5

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that Compound E-20 was used insteadof Compound E-1 in forming the electron transport layer.

Example 6

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that Compound E-23 was used insteadof Compound E-1 in forming the electron transport layer.

Example 7

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that Compound E-25 was used insteadof Compound E-1 in forming the electron transport layer.

Example 8

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that Compound E-26 was used insteadof Compound E-1 in forming the electron transport layer.

Example 9

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that Compound E-32 was used insteadof Compound E-1 in forming the electron transport layer.

Example 10

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that Compound E-34 was used insteadof Compound E-1 in forming the electron transport layer.

Comparative Example 1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that Compound Alq₃ was used insteadof Compound E-1 in forming the electron transport layer.

The efficiency and lifespan (T₉₅) of each of the organic light-emittingdevices of Examples 1 to 10 and the Comparative Example are summarizedas shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Compound for forming an electron Efficiency T₉₅ lifespantransport layer (cd/A) (6,000 nits) Example 1 E-1 46.4 970 Example 2 E-449.0 943 Example 3 E-17 49.2 921 Example 4 E-19 42 937 Example 5 E-2047.9 897 Example 6 E-23 48.8 911 Example 7 E-25 47.9 956 Example 8 E-2647.7 923 Example 9 E-32 51 942 Example 10 E-34 48 921 ComparativeExample Alq₃ 38.4 789

Compounds having the structure of Formula 1 according to an embodimentof the present disclosure were used as electron-transporting materials,and consequently, all organic light-emitting devices including thesecompounds showed significantly improved characteristics, specificallylifespan characteristics, compared to the organic light-emitting deviceof Comparative Example 1. Accordingly, it was confirmed that thecompounds having the structure of Formula 1 according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure were excellent electron-transporting materialswith significant effects on the characteristics of the organiclight-emitting devices.

The organic light-emitting devices according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may have high efficiency, low driving voltage, highluminance, and long lifespan characteristics.

It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should beconsidered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodimentshould typically be considered as being available for other similarfeatures or aspects in other embodiments.

As used herein, expressions such as “at least one of”, “one of”, and“selected from”, when preceding a list of elements, modify the entirelist of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the presentdisclosure refers to “one or more embodiments of the presentdisclosure”.

In addition, as used herein, the terms “use”, “using”, and “used” may beconsidered synonymous with the terms “utilize”, “utilizing”, and“utilized”, respectively.

As used herein, the terms “substantially”, “about”, and similar termsare used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and areintended to account for the inherent deviations in measured orcalculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill inthe art.

Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include allsubranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recitedrange. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include allsubranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 andthe recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equalto or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0,such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitationrecited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitationssubsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in thisspecification is intended to include all higher numerical limitationssubsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amendthis specification, including the claims, to expressly recite anysub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.

While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to thedrawings, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the artthat various changes in form and details may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as definedby the following claims and equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound represented by Formula 1:

wherein, in Formula 1, X and Y are each independently selected from O, S, CR₁₁R₁₂, and NR₁₃, R₁, R₁₁, R₁₂, and R₁₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, at least one selected from X, Y, and R₁ comprises —P(Ph)₂=Z, Z is selected from O and S, at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and the substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ a cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and —P(═O)Q₁Q₂ and —P(═S)Q₃Q₄, wherein Q₁ to Q₄, Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, and Q₂₁ to Q₂₇ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein: the compound represented by Formula 1 is one selected from Formulae 2 to 4:

wherein, in Formulae 2 to 4, R₁, R₂, and R₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, L₁, L₂, and L₃ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a is an integer selected from 0 to 2, when the number of L₁(s), L₂(s), and L₃(s) is each two or more, a plurality of L₁(s) are equal to or different from each other, a plurality of L₂(s) are equal to or different from each other, and a plurality of L₃(s) are equal to or different from each other, and Z is selected from O and S.
 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein R₁, R₂, and R₃ are each independently represented by one selected from Formulae 2a to 2c:

wherein, in Formulae 2a to 2c, each Z₁ is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, —P(Ph)₂=O, —P(Ph)₂=S, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, when the number of Z₁(s) is two or more, a plurality of Z₁(s) are equal to or different from each other, p is an integer selected from 1 to 7, and * indicates a binding site.
 4. The compound of claim 2, wherein L₁, L₂, and L₃ are each independently represented by one selected from Formulae 3a and 3b:

wherein, in Formulae 3a and 3b, * indicates a binding site.
 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound represented by Formula 1 is one selected from Formulae 5 to 10:

wherein, in Formulae 5 to 10, R₁, R₂, R₂₁, and R₂₂ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a is selected from 0, 1, and 2, when the number of L₁(s) and L₂(s) is each two or more, a plurality of L₁(s) are equal to or different from each other, and a plurality of L₂(s) are equal to or different from each other, and Z is selected from O and S.
 6. The compound of claim 5, wherein R₁, R₂, R₂₁, and R₂₂ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, or are each independently represented by one selected from Formulae 2a to 2c:

wherein, in Formulae 2a to 2c, each Z₁ is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, —P(Ph)₂=O, —P(Ph)₂=S, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, when the number of Z₁(s) is two or more, a plurality of Z₁(s) are equal to or different from each other, p is an integer selected from 1 to 7, and * indicates a binding site.
 7. The compound of claim 5, wherein L₁ and L₂ are each independently represented by one selected from Formulae 3a and 3b:

wherein, in Formulae 3a and 3b, * indicates a binding site.
 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound represented by Formula 1 is one selected from Compounds E-1 to E-34:


9. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer comprising an emission layer, wherein the organic layer comprises the compound of claim
 1. 10. The organic light-emitting device of claim 9, wherein the emission layer is a green phosphorescent emission layer.
 11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 9, wherein: the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, and the organic layer comprises: i) a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole transport region comprising at least one selected from a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, and an electron blocking layer, and ii) an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region comprising an electron transport layer and at least one selected from a hole blocking layer and an electron injection layer.
 12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the electron transport region comprises the compound represented by Formula
 1. 13. The organic light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the electron transport layer comprises the compound represented by Formula
 1. 14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the hole transport region comprises a charge-generation material.
 15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14, wherein the charge-generation material is a p-dopant.
 16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein the charge-generation material is HT-D1 or F4-TCNQ:


17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the electron transport region comprises a metal-containing material.
 18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the electron transport region comprises a lithium (Li) complex.
 19. The organic light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the electron transport region comprises ET-D1 and/or ET-D2:


20. A display apparatus comprising the organic light-emitting device of claim 9, wherein the first electrode of the organic light-emitting device is electrically connected to a source electrode or drain electrode of a thin film transistor. 